Grand Juries: A Cornerstone of the American Justice System
Empowering Citizens to Investigate Criminal Conduct
Grand juries are unique citizen-led legal bodies that hold a critical role in the United States justice system. Empowered by federal or state law, grand juries are responsible for investigating potential criminal conduct and determining whether there is sufficient evidence to indict individuals.
Composition and Process
Grand juries are typically composed of 16 to 23 individuals from diverse backgrounds who serve for a specific term. They do not require specific legal training or expertise.
During grand jury proceedings, prosecutors present evidence, including witness testimony and documents, in a closed setting. Grand jurors listen to the evidence and deliberate to reach a decision on whether to issue an indictment.
Indictments and Criminal Process
If the grand jury finds sufficient evidence, they will issue an indictment, which formally charges the accused with a crime. This indictment marks the beginning of the criminal prosecution process.
The process of indictment by a grand jury is designed to protect individuals from arbitrary or politically motivated prosecution. It ensures that there is a substantial basis for criminal charges before a person is subjected to the full force of the criminal justice system.
Importance in the Justice System
Grand juries play a central role in the American justice system by:
- Providing a check on prosecutorial power by requiring independent citizen review of evidence.
- Protecting individuals from unwarranted charges by ensuring there is probable cause before an indictment is issued.
- Balancing societal interests with individual rights in the criminal justice process.
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